The Swiss Code of Criminal Procedure (StPO) is a code of laws that defines the rules of procedure for criminal investigations and court proceedings in Switzerland. It regulates, among other things, the powers of law enforcement agencies, the rights and obligations of the accused, as well as the procedural procedures in court. The StPO also determines how evidence may be collected, evaluated and presented. In addition, it regulates the competences of the various judicial instances and the appeals that can be filed against decisions. The Code of Criminal Procedure is an important instrument for protecting the rights of citizens in criminal proceedings and ensuring a fair and transparent judiciary.
The articles StPO
| Art. 1 Scope of Application and PrinciplesChapter 1Scope of Application and the Administration of Criminal Justice |
| Art. 2 Administration of criminal justice |
| Art. 3 Principles of Criminal Procedure LawArt. 3Respect for human dignity and requirement of fairness |
| Art. 4 Independence |
| Art. 5 Principle of expeditiousness |
| Art. 6 Principle of substantive truth |
| Art. 7 Obligation to prosecute |
| Art. 8 Waiving prosecution |
| Art. 9 Principle of no judgment without a charge |
| Art. 10 Presumption of innocence and assessment of evidence |
| Art. 11 Prohibition of double jeopardy |
| Art. 12 Criminal Justice AuthoritiesChapter 1 PowersSection 1 General Provisions |
| Art. 13 Courts |
| Art. 14 Titles and organisation of the criminal justice authorities |
| Art. 15 Prosecution AuthoritiesArt. 15Police |
| Art. 16 Public prosecutor |
| Art. 17 Authorities responsible for prosecuting contraventions |
| Art. 18 CourtsArt. 18Compulsory measures court |
| Art. 19 Court of first instance |
| Art. 20 Objections authority |
| Art. 21 Court of appeal |
| Art. 22 Material JurisdictionSection 1 Extent of Federal and Cantonal Jurisdiction |
| Art. 23 Federal jurisdiction in general |
| Art. 24 |
| Art. 25 Delegation to the cantons |
| Art. 26 Multiple jurisdiction |
| Art. 27 Jurisdiction over the initial enquiries |
| Art. 28 Conflicts |
| Art. 29 Jurisdiction where two or more Offences coincideArt. 29Principle of unity of proceedings |
| Art. 30 Exceptions |
| Art. 31 Place of JurisdictionSection 1 PrinciplesArt. 31Place of jurisdiction of the place of commission |
| Art. 32 Place of jurisdiction for offences committed abroad or at an unknown location |
| Art. 33 Special JurisdictionArt. 33Place of jurisdiction in the case of two or more participants |
| Art. 34 Place of jurisdiction where two or more offences are committed at different loci |
| Art. 35 Place of jurisdiction for offences via the media |
| Art. 36 Place of jurisdiction in the case of Debt Enforcement and Bankruptcy offences and criminal proceedings against corporate undertakings |
| Art. 37 Place of jurisdiction for separate forfeiture proceedings |
| Art. 38 Establishing an alternative place of jurisdiction |
| Art. 39 Procedure for Establishing JurisdictionArt. 39Verification of and agreement on jurisdiction |
| Art. 40 Conflicts of jurisdiction |
| Art. 41 Contesting the place of jurisdiction |
| Art. 42 Common provisions |
| Art. 43 Domestic Mutual AssistanceSection 1 General ProvisionsArt. 43Scope of application and definition |
| Art. 44 Obligation to provide mutual assistance |
| Art. 45 Support |
| Art. 46 Direct communication |
| Art. 47 Costs |
| Art. 48 Disputes |
| Art. 49 Procedural Acts at the Request of the Confederation or of another CantonArt. 49Principles |
| Art. 50 Request for compulsory measures |
| Art. 51 Right to participate |
| Art. 52 Procedural Acts in another CantonArt. 52Principles |
| Art. 53 Using the services of the police |
| Art. 54 International Mutual AssistanceArt. 54Scope of Application of this Code |
| Art. 55 Jurisdiction |
| Art. 56 RecusalArt. 56Grounds for recusal |
| Art. 57 Duty to notify |
| Art. 58 Recusal request by a party |
| Art. 59 Decision |
| Art. 60 Consequences of violating the recusal regulations |
| Art. 61 Director of Proceedings Revised by the Federal Assembly Drafting Committee (Art. 58 para. 1 ParlA; [SR 171.10]). |
| Art. 62 General duties |
| Art. 63 Measures to ensure order in court |
| Art. 64 Disciplinary measures |
| Art. 65 Right of appeal against procedural orders issued by the court |
| Art. 66 General Procedural RegulationsSection 1 Requirement of Oral Proceedings; Language |
| Art. 67 Language of the proceedings |
| Art. 68 Translation and interpretation |
| Art. 69 Public ProceedingsArt. 69Principles |
| Art. 70 Restrictions on and exclusion of public access |
| Art. 71 Video and audio recordings |
| Art. 72 Court reporting |
| Art. 73 Confidentiality, Information to the Public, Communications to AuthoritiesArt. 73Duty of confidentiality |
| Art. 74 Information to the public |
| Art. 75 Communications with other authorities |
| Art. 76 RecordsArt. 76General Provisions |
| Art. 77 Records of proceedings |
| Art. 78 Records of hearings |
| Art. 79 Corrections |
| Art. 80 DecisionsArt. 80Form |
| Art. 81 Content of final judgments |
| Art. 82 Limitations to the duty to state grounds |
| Art. 83 Explanation and correction of decisions |
| Art. 84 Notice and Service of DecisionsArt. 84Notice of decisions |
| Art. 85 Form and service of communications |
| Art. 86 Electronic service |
| Art. 87 Address for service |
| Art. 88 Public notice |
| Art. 89 Time Limits and DeadlinesArt. 89General Provisions |
| Art. 90 Commencement and calculation of time limits |
| Art. 91 Compliance with time limits |
| Art. 92 Extension of time limits and postponement of hearings |
| Art. 93 Default |
| Art. 94 New time limit |
| Art. 95 Data ProcessingArt. 95Obtaining personal data |
| Art. 95a Processing of personal data |
| Art. 96 Disclosure and use in pending criminal proceedings |
| Art. 97 Rights to information in the case of pending proceedings |
| Art. 98 Correction of data |
| Art. 99 Processing and retention of personal data after conclusion of the proceedings |
| Art. 100 Management, Inspection and Retention of Case FilesArt. 100File management |
| Art. 101 Inspection of case documents in pending proceedings |
| Art. 102 Procedure relating to applications to inspect case documents |
| Art. 103 Retention of case documents |
| Art. 104 General ProvisionsSection 1 Definition and StatusArt. 104Parties |
| Art. 105 Other persons involved in the proceedings |
| Art. 106 Capacity to act |
| Art. 107 Right to be heard |
| Art. 108 Restriction of the right to be heard |
| Art. 109 Procedural Acts by the PartiesArt. 109Submissions |
| Art. 110 Form |
| Art. 111 The AccusedArt. 111Definition |
| Art. 112 Criminal proceedings against corporate undertakings |
| Art. 113 Status |
| Art. 114 Fitness to plead |
| Art. 115 Persons suffering Harm, Victims and Private ClaimantsSection 1 Persons suffering Harm |
| Art. 116 VictimsArt. 116Definitions |
| Art. 117 Status |
| Art. 118 Private ClaimantsArt. 118Definition and requirements |
| Art. 119 Form and content of the declaration |
| Art. 120 Waiver and withdrawal |
| Art. 121 Legal successors |
| Art. 122 Civil ClaimsArt. 122General Provisions |
| Art. 123 Quantification and statement of the grounds |
| Art. 124 Jurisdiction and procedure |
| Art. 125 Security for the claims against the private claimant |
| Art. 126 Decision |
| Art. 127 Legal AgentsSection 1 Principles |
| Art. 128 Defence LawyersArt. 128Status |
| Art. 129 Right to choose a defence lawyer |
| Art. 130 Mandatory appointment of a defence lawyer |
| Art. 131 Appointment of the mandatory defence lawyer |
| Art. 132 Duty defence lawyer |
| Art. 133 Appointment of the duty defence lawyer |
| Art. 134 Dismissal and change of duty defence lawyer |
| Art. 135 Duty defence lawyer's fees |
| Art. 136 Legal Aid for the Private ClaimantArt. 136Requirements |
| Art. 137 Appointment, dismissal and change |
| Art. 138 Fees and allocation of costs |
| Art. 139 EvidenceChapter 1 General ProvisionsSection 1 Taking Evidence and Admissibility of Evidence |
| Art. 140 Prohibited methods of taking evidence |
| Art. 141 Admissibility of unlawfully obtained evidence |
| Art. 142 Examination HearingsArt. 142Criminal justice authority conducting the examination hearing |
| Art. 143 Conduct of the examination hearing |
| Art. 144 Examination hearing by video conference |
| Art. 145 Written reports |
| Art. 146 Examination of two or more persons and confrontation hearings |
| Art. 147 Rights to Participate in the Taking of EvidenceArt. 147General provisions |
| Art. 148 In mutual assistance proceedings |
| Art. 149 Protective MeasuresArt. 149General provisions |
| Art. 150 Assurance of anonymity |
| Art. 151 Measures to protect undercover investigators |
| Art. 152 General measures to protect victims |
| Art. 153 Special measures to protect of victims sexual offences |
| Art. 154 Special measures to protect child victims |
| Art. 155 Measures to protect persons with mental disorders |
| Art. 156 Measures to protect persons outside the proceedings |
| Art. 157 Examination Hearings with the AccusedArt. 157Principle |
| Art. 158 Caution administered at the first interview |
| Art. 159 Police examination hearings during enquiries |
| Art. 160 Examination hearing with an accused who has admitted the offence |
| Art. 161 Investigation of personal circumstances at the preliminary proceedings stage |
| Art. 162 WitnessesSection 1 General ProvisionsArt. 162Definition |
| Art. 163 Capacity and duty to testify |
| Art. 164 Enquiries relating to witnesses |
| Art. 165 Witness's duty of confidentiality |
| Art. 166 Interview with the person suffering harm |
| Art. 167 Compensation |
| Art. 168 Rights to Refuse to TestifyArt. 168Right to refuse to testify due to a personal relationship |
| Art. 169 Right to refuse to testify for personal protection or to protect closely related persons |
| Art. 170 Right to refuse to testify due to official secrecy |
| Art. 171 Right to refuse to testify due to professional confidentiality |
| Art. 172 Protection of journalists' sources |
| Art. 173 Right to refuse to testify due to other duties of confidentiality |
| Art. 174 Decision on permitting a person to refuse to testify |
| Art. 175 Exercise of the right to refuse to testify |
| Art. 176 Unlawful refusal to testify |
| Art. 177 Examination Hearings with Witnesses |
| Art. 178 Persons providing InformationArt. 178Definition |
| Art. 179 Persons providing information at police examination hearings |
| Art. 180 Status |
| Art. 181 Examination hearing |
| Art. 182 Authorised ExpertsArt. 182Requirements for requesting the services of an expert witness |
| Art. 183 Requirements for the expert witness |
| Art. 184 Appointment and instructions |
| Art. 185 Preparation of the report |
| Art. 186 In-patient assessment |
| Art. 187 Form of the expert report |
| Art. 188 Right of the parties to comment |
| Art. 189 Additions and improvements to the report |
| Art. 190 Fees |
| Art. 191 Neglect of duty |
| Art. 192 Material EvidenceArt. 192Items of evidence |
| Art. 193 Inspection |
| Art. 194 Consultation of case files |
| Art. 195 Obtaining reports and information |
| Art. 196 Compulsory MeasuresChapter 1 General ProvisionsArt. 196Definition |
| Art. 197 Principles |
| Art. 198 Competence |
| Art. 199 Notice of the order |
| Art. 200 Use of force |
| Art. 201 Summonses, Enforced Appearances and Tracing of Wanted Persons or PropertySection 1 Summonses |
| Art. 202 Time limit |
| Art. 203 Exceptions |
| Art. 204 Safe conduct |
| Art. 205 Duty to appear, circumstances preventing appearance and failure to appear |
| Art. 206 Police summonses |
| Art. 207 Appearance enforced by the PoliceArt. 207Requirements and competence |
| Art. 208 Form of the order |
| Art. 209 Procedure |
| Art. 210 Tracing of Wanted Persons or PropertyArt. 210Principles |
| Art. 211 Assistance from the public |
| Art. 212 Deprivation of Liberty, Remand and Preventive DetentionSection 1 General Provisions |
| Art. 213 Access to premises |
| Art. 214 Notification |
| Art. 215 Police Powers to Stop and of PursuitArt. 215Police power to stop |
| Art. 216 Pursuit |
| Art. 217 ArrestArt. 217By the police |
| Art. 218 By private individuals |
| Art. 219 Police procedure |
| Art. 220 Remand and Preventive Detention: General ProvisionsArt. 220Definitions |
| Art. 221 Requirements |
| Art. 222 Appellate remedies |
| Art. 223 Communications with the defence in detention proceedings |
| Art. 224 RemandArt. 224Remand proceedings before the public prosecutor |
| Art. 225 Detention proceedings before the compulsory measures court |
| Art. 226 Decision of the compulsory measures court |
| Art. 227 Application to extend the period of remand |
| Art. 228 Application for release from remand |
| Art. 229 Preventive DetentionArt. 229Decision to order preventive detention |
| Art. 230 Release from preventive detention during the proceedings before the court of first instance |
| Art. 231 Preventive detention following the judgment of the court of first instance |
| Art. 232 Preventive detention during proceedings before the court of appeal |
| Art. 233 Application for release from detention during proceedings before the court of appeal |
| Art. 234 Execution of Remand and Preventive DetentionArt. 234Detention centre |
| Art. 235 Conditions of detention |
| Art. 236 Accelerated execution of sentences and measures |
| Art. 237 Alternative MeasuresArt. 237General Provisions |
| Art. 238 Payment of money bail |
| Art. 239 Return of the bail payment |
| Art. 240 Forfeiture of the bail payment |
| Art. 241 Searches and ExaminationsSection 1 General ProvisionsArt. 241Authorisation |
| Art. 242 Conduct of searches |
| Art. 243 Accidental finds |
| Art. 244 Searches of PremisesArt. 244Principle |
| Art. 245 Conduct of searches |
| Art. 246 Search of Records and RecordingsArt. 246Principle |
| Art. 247 Conduct |
| Art. 248 Sealing of evidence |
| Art. 249 Searches of Persons and PropertyArt. 249Principle |
| Art. 250 Conduct |
| Art. 251 Examination of PersonsArt. 251Principle |
| Art. 252 Conduct of physical examinations |
| Art. 253 Examination of Dead BodiesArt. 253Unnatural deaths |
| Art. 254 Exhumation |
| Art. 255 DNA AnalysesArt. 255General requirements |
| Art. 256 Mass testing |
| Art. 257 Convicted persons |
| Art. 258 Taking samples |
| Art. 259 Application of the DNA Profiling Act |
| Art. 260 Recording Identification Data, Handwriting and Voice SamplesArt. 260Recording identification data |
| Art. 261 Retention and use of identifying documents |
| Art. 262 Handwriting and voice samples |
| Art. 263 SeizureArt. 263Principle |
| Art. 264 Restrictions |
| Art. 265 Duty to hand over items or assets |
| Art. 266 Procedure |
| Art. 267 Decision on seized property and assets |
| Art. 268 Seizure to cover costs |
| Art. 269 Covert Surveillance MeasuresSection 1 Surveillance of Post and Telecommunications |
| Art. 269bis Use of special technical devices for the surveillance of telecommunications |
| Art. 269ter Use of special software for the surveillance of telecommunications |
| Art. 269quater Requirements applicable to special software for the surveillance of telecommunications |
| Art. 270 Subject matter of surveillance |
| Art. 271 Preservation of professional confidentiality |
| Art. 272 Duty to obtain authorisation and general authorisation |
| Art. 273 Subscriber information, location identification and technical transmission features |
| Art. 274 Authorisation procedure |
| Art. 275 Conclusion of surveillance |
| Art. 276 Results not required |
| Art. 277 Use of the results of unauthorised surveillance operations |
| Art. 278 Accidental finds |
| Art. 279 Notice |
| Art. 280 Surveillance using Technical Surveillance DevicesArt. 280Permitted use |
| Art. 281 Requirements and conduct |
| Art. 282 ObservationArt. 282Requirements |
| Art. 283 Notice |
| Art. 284 Surveillance of Banking TransactionsArt. 284Principle |
| Art. 285 Conduct |
| Art. 285a Undercover Investigations |
| Art. 286 Requirements |
| Art. 287 Requirements for the persons deployed |
| Art. 288 Cover and guarantee of anonymity |
| Art. 289 Authorisation procedure |
| Art. 290 Briefing before deployment |
| Art. 291 Commanding officer |
| Art. 292 Duties of undercover investigators |
| Art. 293 Scope of influence permitted |
| Art. 294 Deployment in investigations under the Narcotics Act |
| Art. 295 Money for simulated transactions |
| Art. 296 Accidental finds |
| Art. 297 Conclusion of the operation |
| Art. 298 Notice |
| Art. 298a Undercover EnquiriesArt. 298aDefinition |
| Art. 298b Requirements |
| Art. 298c Requirements for the persons deployed and conduct |
| Art. 298d Termination and notification |
| Art. 299 Preliminary ProceedingsChapter 1 General ProvisionsArt. 299Definition and purpose |
| Art. 300 Commencement |
| Art. 301 Right to report an offence |
| Art. 302 Duty to report |
| Art. 303 Offences prosecuted on complaint or with official authorisation |
| Art. 304 Form of the criminal complaint |
| Art. 305 |
| Art. 306 Police EnquiriesArt. 306Duties of the police |
| Art. 307 Cooperation with the public prosecutor |
| Art. 308 Investigation by the Public ProsecutorSection 1 Duties of the Public Prosecutor |
| Art. 309 Opening the investigation |
| Art. 310 No-proceedings order |
| Art. 311 Conduct of the InvestigationArt. 311Gathering of evidence and extending the investigation |
| Art. 312 Assignments given by the public prosecutor to the police |
| Art. 313 Taking evidence for civil claims |
| Art. 314 Suspension |
| Art. 315 Resumption of proceedings |
| Art. 316 Private Settlements |
| Art. 317 Conclusion of the InvestigationArt. 317Final examination hearing |
| Art. 318 Conclusion |
| Art. 319 Abandoning Proceedings and Bringing ChargesSection 1 Abandoning ProceedingsArt. 319Grounds |
| Art. 320 Ruling abandoning proceedings |
| Art. 321 Notice |
| Art. 322 Approval and rights of appeal |
| Art. 323 Reopening of proceedings |
| Art. 324 Bringing ChargesArt. 324Principles |
| Art. 325 Content of the indictment |
| Art. 326 Further information and applications |
| Art. 327 Service of the indictment |
| Art. 328 Main Proceedings of First InstanceChapter 1 Pending Status, Preparation for the Main Hearing, General Provisions on the Main Hearing |
| Art. 329 Examination of the indictment; suspension and abandonment of the proceedings |
| Art. 330 Preparation for the main hearing |
| Art. 331 Scheduling the main hearing |
| Art. 332 Preliminary hearings |
| Art. 333 Amending and adding charges |
| Art. 334 Transfer |
| Art. 335 Conduct of the Main HearingSection 1 Court and Persons involved in the Proceedings |
| Art. 336 Accused, duty defence lawyer and mandatory defence lawyer |
| Art. 337 Public prosecutor |
| Art. 338 Private claimant and third parties |
| Art. 339 Commencement of the Main HearingArt. 339Opening; Preliminary and supplementary issues |
| Art. 340 Continuation of the hearing |
| Art. 341 Procedure for Taking EvidenceArt. 341Examination hearings |
| Art. 342 Division of the main hearing |
| Art. 343 Taking of evidence |
| Art. 344 Differences in legal assessment |
| Art. 345 Conclusion of the procedure for taking evidence |
| Art. 346 Party Submissions and Conclusion of the Party HearingArt. 346Party submissions |
| Art. 347 Conclusion of the party hearing |
| Art. 348 JudgmentArt. 348Deliberations on the judgment |
| Art. 349 Additional evidence |
| Art. 350 Latitude in assessing the charge; Basis for the judgment |
| Art. 351 Decision on and notice of the judgment |
| Art. 352 Summary Penalty Order Procedure, Contravention ProcedureSection 1 Summary Penalty Order Procedure |
| Art. 353 Content and notice of the summary penalty order |
| Art. 354 Rejection |
| Art. 355 Procedure for rejection |
| Art. 356 Procedure before the court of first instance |
| Art. 357 Contravention Proceedings |
| Art. 358 Accelerated ProceedingsArt. 358Principles |
| Art. 359 Opening proceedings |
| Art. 360 Indictment |
| Art. 361 Main hearing |
| Art. 362 Judgment or rejection of application |
| Art. 363 Procedure for Separate Subsequent Court DecisionsArt. 363Jurisdiction |
| Art. 364 Procedure |
| Art. 364a Preventive detention with a view to a separate subsequent court decision |
| Art. 364b Preventive detention during the court proceedings |
| Art. 365 Decision |
| Art. 366 Procedure in the Absence of the AccusedSection 1 Requirements and ConductArt. 366Requirements |
| Art. 367 Conduct and decision |
| Art. 368 Re-assessmentArt. 368Application for a re-assessment |
| Art. 369 Procedure |
| Art. 370 New judgment |
| Art. 371 Relationship to an appeal |
| Art. 372 Separate Measures ProceduresSection 1 Good Behaviour Bond Order |
| Art. 373 Procedure |
| Art. 374 Procedure where the Accused is not legally responsible due to a Mental DisorderArt. 374Requirements and procedure |
| Art. 375 Decision |
| Art. 376 Separate Forfeiture ProceedingsArt. 376Requirements |
| Art. 377 Procedure |
| Art. 378 Use for the benefit of the person suffering harm |
| Art. 379 Appellate RemediesChapter 1 General ProvisionsArt. 379Applicable regulations |
| Art. 380 Final or non-contestable decisions |
| Art. 381 Rights of the public prosecutor |
| Art. 382 Rights of other parties |
| Art. 383 Payment of security |
| Art. 384 Commencement of the period for requesting the appellate remedy |
| Art. 385 Statement of the grounds and form |
| Art. 386 Waiver and withdrawal |
| Art. 387 Suspensive effect |
| Art. 388 Procedural and preliminary measures |
| Art. 389 Additional evidence |
| Art. 390 Written procedure |
| Art. 391 Decision |
| Art. 392 Extending the application of successful appellate remedies |
| Art. 393 ObjectionsArt. 393Admissibility and grounds |
| Art. 394 Inadmissibility of the objection |
| Art. 395 Collegial court as objections authority |
| Art. 396 Form and time limit |
| Art. 397 Procedure and decision |
| Art. 398 AppealsSection 1 General ProvisionsArt. 398Admissibility and grounds |
| Art. 399 Notice of intention to appeal and appeal petition |
| Art. 400 Preliminary examination |
| Art. 401 Cross-appeal |
| Art. 402 Effect of the appeal |
| Art. 403 ProcedureArt. 403Decision to consider the substance of the appeal |
| Art. 404 Extent of consideration |
| Art. 405 Oral procedure |
| Art. 406 Written procedure |
| Art. 407 Default by the parties |
| Art. 408 Appeal DecisionArt. 408New judgment |
| Art. 409 Quashing the judgment and remitting the case |
| Art. 410 ReviewArt. 410Admissibility of and grounds for a review |
| Art. 411 Form and time limit |
| Art. 412 Preliminary examination and decision to consider the substance of the case |
| Art. 413 Decision |
| Art. 414 New proceedings |
| Art. 415 Consequences of the new decision |
| Art. 416 Procedural Costs, Damages and SatisfactionChapter 1 General ProvisionsArt. 416Scope of application |
| Art. 417 Liability to pay costs for procedural default |
| Art. 418 Participation of more than one person and liability of third parties |
| Art. 419 Liability to pay costs of persons not legally responsible due to a mental disorder |
| Art. 420 Legal action |
| Art. 421 Decision on costs |
| Art. 422 Procedural CostsArt. 422Definition |
| Art. 423 Principles |
| Art. 424 Calculation and fees |
| Art. 425 Deferment and remission |
| Art. 426 Liability to pay costs of the accused and parties to separate measures proceedings |
| Art. 427 Liability to pay costs of the private claimant and the complainant |
| Art. 428 Allocation of costs in appellate proceedings |
| Art. 429 Damages and SatisfactionSection 1 AccusedArt. 429Claims |
| Art. 430 Reduction or refusal of damages or satisfaction |
| Art. 431 Unlawfully applied compulsory measures |
| Art. 432 Rights in relation to the private claimant and the complainant |
| Art. 433 Private Claimant and Third PartiesArt. 433Private claimant |
| Art. 434 Third parties |
| Art. 435 Special ProvisionsArt. 435Time limits |
| Art. 436 Damages and satisfaction in appellate proceedings |
| Art. 437 Legal Effect and Execution of Decisions in Criminal ProceedingsChapter 1 Legal Effect |
| Art. 438 Notification of legal effect |
| Art. 439 Enforcement of Decisions in Criminal ProceedingsArt. 439Execution of sentences and measures |
| Art. 440 Preventive detention |
| Art. 441 Time limit for enforcement |
| Art. 442 Enforcement of decisions on procedural costs and other financial payments |
| Art. 443 Enforcement of criminal judgments on civil matters |
| Art. 444 Official notices |
| Art. 445 Final ProvisionsChapter 1 Implementing Provisions |
| Art. 446 Amendment of LegislationArt. 446Repeal and amendment of current legislation |
| Art. 447 Coordination provisions |
| Art. 448 Transitional ProvisionsSection 1 General Procedural ProvisionsArt. 448Applicable law |
| Art. 449 Jurisdiction |
| Art. 450 Main Proceedings of First Instance and Special ProceedingsArt. 450Main proceedings of first instance |
| Art. 451 Separate subsequent court decisions |
| Art. 452 Proceedings in absentia |
| Art. 453 Appellate ProceedingsArt. 453Decisions made before this Code comes into force |
| Art. 454 Decision made after this Code comes into force |
| Art. 455 Rejections of Summary Penalty Orders; Private ProsecutionsArt. 455Rejections of summary penalty orders |
| Art. 456 Private prosecutions |
| Art. 456a Transitional Provision to the Amendment of 28 September 2012 |
| Art. 457 Referendum and Commencement |
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